HESI A2 28 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Exam

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• What role does progesterone play in relation to the endometrium?
• How does holocrine secretion function in the skin?
• Which nutrient provides the primary source of energy in the body?
• What physiological processes are responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
• What structure lines the upper respiratory tubules to assist in trapping debris?
• What happens to arteries as they go further from the heart?
• Which nutrients are absorbed directly into the blood from the digestive tract?
• What type of blood do veins typically carry?
• What hormones are primarily involved in controlling testicular activity?
• What is the name for the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?
• What are the two main classifications of muscles?
• What do hydrogen ions released from carbonic anhydrase regulate in the blood?
• What is the name for the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle?
• What is the primary action of steroid hormones?
• Where in the body is respiration primarily controlled?
• What is the function of the atria in the heart?
• Which substances assist in the digestion of food within the small intestine?
• What is one role of estrogen during the menstrual cycle?
• Which of the following is not a classification of bone shape?
• What are the functional units of the kidney called?
• Which of the following pairs correctly corresponds to the number of pairs of ribs in the human body?
• What is the role of the adrenal glands in the endocrine system?
• What is the primary function of sensory (afferent) neurons?
• How many sacral vertebrae are found within the human skeletal system?
• Where is testosterone primarily produced in the male reproductive system?
• What occurs during internal respiration?
• What is the primary purpose of Bowman's capsule within the nephron?
• What is the total number of lumbar vertebrae in the human body?
• What occurs within muscle fibers during contraction?
• What percentage of plasma is made up of substances such as proteins, ions, and nutrients?
• How does the hypothalamus control the pituitary gland?
• What occurs to the thorax when the diaphragm contracts?
• Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division?
• Which layer of skin contains blood vessels and nerve endings?
• Where do arteries carry blood?
• What is the primary function of the epidermis?
• How many pairs of nerves exit the spinal cord?
• What is a key function of cilia in the respiratory system?
• What is the main function of ecrine sweat glands?
• What does the medulla oblongata control?
• Where does the digestion of complex carbohydrates begin in the digestive tract?
• Which glands produce semen, the transport medium for sperm?
• Which hormone released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary is known as the labor hormone?
• Which two elements must be present for muscle contraction to occur?
• What major function does the endocrine system control?
• What significant hormonal change occurs on the 14th day of the female cycle?
• Which valve is found on the left side of the heart?
• What role do lacteals play in digestion?
• What percentage of blood is made up of plasma?
• During which stage does the formation of gametes primarily occur?
• What happens during exhalation?
• What is the role of bicarbonate ions secreted by the pancreas in digestion?
• What is the next step for the fertilized egg after conception?
• Which are the largest veins in the human body?
• What are the main components of the respiratory system?
• Which of the following is not a bone of the cranium?
• Which components make up the final part of the axial skeleton?
• What is the number of cervical vertebrae in the human body?
• What function does the hypothalamus primarily govern?
• Which of the following is NOT a portion of the large intestine?
• What is a defining structural feature of artery walls?
• What is the primary function of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)?
• What role does calcium play in muscle contraction?
• What process forms the gametes?
• Which type of glands produce sweat to help regulate body temperature?
• What is the primary role of the motor (efferent) neurons in the body?
• What are the names of the veins parallel to the arteries?
• How does reproductive activity differ between men and women?
• What are synergist muscles?
• What is the primary function of flexor muscles?
• What is one function of carbon dioxide in red blood cells?
• Which condition is most associated with excess leukocyte activity?
• What are villi in the small intestine responsible for?
• What are the two primary functions of the male and female sex organs?
• What are hormones primarily known as?
• How many facial bones are there in the facial skeleton?
• Which two systems comprise the nervous system?
• What helps prevent the skin from drying out?
• Which of the following is a function of the parathyroid glands?
• What three bones fuse to form the os coxae?
• What is the name for the cells that compose compact bone?
• What occurs in the capillaries?
• What is one role of the axon in the nervous system?
• What is the primary function of arterioles?
• Which gland is NOT classified as an important endocrine gland?
• What is the primary bone of the upper arm?
• What is the significance of tropic hormones in relation to sex organ function?
• Which types of white blood cells are primarily involved in phagocytosis?
• After ovulation, where is the egg swept to?
• What is the function of Growth Hormone (GH)?
• Which components are the main parts of a neuron?
• Why are skeletal muscles considered voluntary?
• What is the usual second messenger for protein hormones?
• What happens to chyme after it is formed in the stomach?
• How do skeletal muscles primarily work together?
• Which components of glomerular filtrate reenter the blood?
• What part of the neuron is primarily involved in integrating information?
• What role do some nonsteroid hormones play?
• What are the components of nerve tissue?
• Which structures make up the urinary system?
• Which arteries supply blood to the myocardium?
• Which structures make up the human nervous system?
• How are muscles classified?
• How are the five types of leukocytes primarily distinguished?
• Which part of the heart is responsible for pumping blood?
• What are considered the functional units of the nervous system?
• In addition to providing nourishment, what is another function of the placenta?
• Which blood vessel type has the thinnest walls?
• When is oxygen released from hemoglobin?
• What is the primary component of blood plasma?
• Where do the systemic arteries begin?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental tissues?
• Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating water retention in the body?
• What role does connective tissue serve in the body?
• What is primarily exchanged during gas exchange in the alveoli?
• What is the name of the valve located on the right side of the heart?
• What does the sliding filament theory describe?
• What happens to osteoblasts when they become fixed in the dense bone matrix?
• How is the spinal cord positioned in relation to the lumbar vertebrae?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of the epidermis?
• Where does sperm develop in the male reproductive system?
• What occurs during the process of inhalation?
• What is the name for the smallest arteries?
• Which system has more long-lasting effects on the body?
• What structures comprise the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
• What is the main role of the upper passageways in the respiratory system?
• Muscle tissue can be classified as which of the following?
• What is the role of blood pressure in the filtration process of the kidneys?
• Where do the endocrine and nervous systems meet?
• What do motor (efferent) neurons primarily do?
• In which renal structure does filtration actually occur?
• What structures make up the pathways for sperm during ejaculation?
• What bone forms the anterior part of the shoulder girdle?
• What is the primary role of platelets in the body?
• What do apocrine sweat glands produce?
• What role does the cerebellum play in the body?
• Which layer of the digestive system is responsible for the absorption of nutrients?
• What is the primary component of the umbilical cord?
• What are simple (spinal) reflexes?
• Which structure is referred to as the tailbone?
• What are the two major portions of the pituitary gland?
• What is the main function of erythrocytes?
• What type of joint are phalanges categorized as?
• What is the primary function of the cerebrum?
• What structures primarily compose muscle cells?
• What protein composes the hair and skin?
• Where are the formed elements of blood produced?
• What substance is secreted by sebaceous glands?
• What is the function of the vascular system?
• What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
• What is a primary component found in the dermis?
• Which hormones control the functions of the male and female sex organs?
• What is the number of coccygeal vertebrae in an adult human?
• Which of the following describes the state of sperm production in male reproductive organs?
• What initiates the heartbeat in the heart?
• What is the function of LH in the female reproductive system?
• How does the placenta prepare the breasts for milk production?
• What is the structure that forms from the fertilized egg before implantation?
• What process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid?
• Which of the following bones is paired in the cranium?
• Which structures are included in the alimentary canal?
• What does TSH stand for?
• What is the role of the protein pigment melanin?
• What type of bone is the mandible categorized as?
• What is the primary function of adductor muscles?
• Where do veins carry blood?
• What does FSH stimulate in the female reproductive system every month?
• What is the primary function of the hydrochloric acid produced in the stomach?
• Which of the following bones is NOT part of the upper appendicular skeleton?
• What protein is primarily responsible for binding O2 in erythrocytes?
• Which of the following is influenced by testosterone?
• What is the enzyme found in saliva that initiates the digestion of complex carbohydrates?
• Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?
• What are the primary functions of the skeletal system?
• Which structures are included in the vascular system?
• Which term describes the system that includes the brain and spinal cord?
• What structure connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
• What are the four main layers of the digestive system?
• Which aspect of blood flow is primarily affected in systemic circulation?
• What forms the body's framework?
• What is the primary function of the nephrons in the kidneys?
• What are the three primary regions of the small intestine?
• What is the result of motor neuron stimulation in muscles?
• How do nutrients enter the liver for further processing?
• What starts the process of menstruation when fertilization does not occur?
• What is the process of meiosis?
• Where is the pituitary gland located?
• Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles?
• Which organ is responsible for detoxification of blood?
• What is the other hormone released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary besides Oxytocin?
• What is the mnemonic to remember the layers of the epidermis?
• Which muscle structure is responsible for the contractile unit known as the sarcomere?
• What is stimulated in tissues when the concentration of oxygen decreases?
• Which type of neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS?
• Where does blood drain from the myocardium?
• What are the three major parts of the brain?
• Which structures are responsible for saliva production?
• How many bones are part of the axial skeleton?
• What is the effect of nonsteroid hormones on cells?
• Where are mature sperm stored in the male reproductive system?
• What is the primary function of epithelial cells?
• What unique ability does muscle tissue possess?
• In which part of the heart is blood initially received?
• What effect does the contraction of smooth muscle in arterial walls have?
• How is the fetus nourished in the uterus?
• What is the most common type of dietary fat?
• What is the final product produced by the nephrons?
• What is the primary function of the heart?
• What defines a cardiac cycle?
• What constitutes approximately 45% of the makeup of blood?
• What is a characteristic function of protein hormones?
• Which of the following makes up the lower extremities?
• What hormone is abbreviated as ACTH?
• Which of the following bones are found in the ossicles of the ear?
• How long is the spinal cord typically?
• How do hormones generally affect cell activity?
• Which two layers make up the skin?
• What is defined as the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood?
• How do the kidneys contribute to homeostasis?
• Which organs are classified as accessory organs of the alimentary canal?
• Besides digestive enzymes, what additional substances does the pancreas contribute to the digestive process?
• What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
• Which of the following is NOT considered a tropic hormone?
• What is the main function of the pelvic girdle?
• What type of secretion do sebaceous glands produce?
• Which component primarily gives blood its red color?
• What tissues contribute to the formation of the placenta?
• Which bones are classified as part of the appendicular skeleton’s lower section?
• What key processes occur in the small intestine?
• What role does the axon play in a neuron?
• Which white blood cells are responsible for antibody production?
• What is the main function of extensor muscles?
• What are sebaceous glands prone to during adolescence?
• During the woman's cycle, what is the role of estrogen?
• What composes the left heart valve system?
• What is the role of an abductor muscle?
• How many thoracic vertebrae are present in the human spinal column?
• What is one of the primary functions of blood?
• What happens to the corpus luteum if fertilization occurs?
• Which hormone group typically has a more immediate effect on the body?
• Where are most fats absorbed in the body?
• What happens to the corpus luteum when fertilization does not occur?
• What is the role of the prime mover in muscle activity?
• What is the primary function of the passageways between the nasal cavity and the alveoli?
• What are the two major groups of hormones?
• Why are the hormones of the adenohypophysis known as tropic hormones?
• What force aids filtration in the kidneys?
• What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
• Where are nutrients primarily absorbed in the human body?
• Where are myofibrils located within muscle cells?
• Which function is primarily controlled by the medulla oblongata?
• How are bones classified?
• What type of tissue primarily composes the dermis?
• What ensures the stability of the fetus during development?
• Which structure transmits the heartbeat signal through the myocardium?
• What is the role of the pulmonary circuit?
• How many total bones are in the human vertebral column?
• What is the function of the antagonist muscle?
• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of steroid hormones?
• Which of the following is NOT a formed element of blood?
• What is primarily reabsorbed in the tubules of the nephron?
• What hormone is primarily secreted by the corpus luteum?
• Where are the semilunar valves located in the heart?
• What is histology?
• Which gland is often referred to as the "master gland"?
• What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?
• Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for sensory input?